Multi WAN¶

Multi WAN scenarios are commonly used for failover or load balancing, but combinations are also possible with OPNsense.

Configure Failover¶

To setup Failover the following step will be taken:

Add monitor IPs to the gateways
Add a gateway group
Configure DNS for each gateway
Use policy based routing to utilize our gateway group
Add a firewall rule for DNS traffic that is intended for the firewall itself

Tip

Did you know you can browse quick and easy to the right page by using the search box in the top right corner of your screen? Like this:

Example configuration¶

Our example utilized two previous configured WAN gateways that both are confirmed to function separately. As DNS’s and monitor IPs we will utilize google’s DNS services 8.8.8.8 and 8.8.4.4, of course you can use your own ‘known good’ setting.

We defined WAN and WAN2, where WAN will be our primary (default) gateway.

Step 1 - Add monitor IPs¶

You may skip this step if you already have setup the monitoring IP and both gateways are shown as online.

To add a monitoring IP go to System ‣ Gateways ‣ Single and click on the first pencil symbol to edit the first gateway.

Now make sure the following is configured:

Disable Gateway Monitoring	Unchecked	Make sure monitoring is enabled
Monitor IP	8.8.8.8	We use Google’s DNS
Mark Gateway as Down	Unchecked

Then click on the second pencil symbol to edit the second gateway.

Now make sure the following is configured:

Disable Gateway Monitoring	Unchecked	Make sure monitoring is enabled
Monitor IP	8.8.4.4	We use Google’s second DNS
Mark Gateway as Down	Unchecked

Step 2 - Add Gateway Group¶

Go to System ‣ Gateways ‣ Group and press + Add Group in the upper right corner.

Use the following settings:

Group Name	WANGWGROUP	Enter a name for the gw routing later on
Gateway Priority	WANGW / Tier 1	Select the first gateway and Tier 1
..	WAN2GW / Tier 2	Select the second gateway and Tier 2
Trigger Level	Packet Loss	Select the trigger you want to use
Description	Failover Group	Freely chosen description

Tip

Trigger Level Explained

Member Down
Triggers when the gateway has 100% packet loss.
Packet Loss
Triggers when the packet loss to a gateway is higher than the defined threshold.
High Latency
Triggers when the latency to a gateway higher than its defined threshold.
Packet Loss or High Latency
Triggers for either of the above conditions.

Step 3 - Configure DNS for each gateway¶

Go to System ‣ Settings ‣ General and make sure each gateway has its own DNS setup: like this:

DNS servers

8.8.8.8	WANGW
8.8.4.4	WAN2GW

Step 4 - Policy based routing¶

Go to Firewall ‣ Rules

For our example we will update the default LAN pass rule. Click on the pencil next to this rule (Default allow LAN to any rule).

Now under Gateway change selection to WANGWGROUP.

Save and Apply changes

Note

This rule will utilize the gateway group for all traffic coming from our LAN network. This also means that traffic intended for the firewall itself will be routed in this (wrong) direction. That is why Step 5 is needed for our DNS traffic going to and coming from our DNS forwarder on the firewall itself.

Step 5 - Add allow rule for DNS traffic¶

Add a rule just above the default LAN allow rule to make sure traffic to and from the firewall on port 53 (DNS) is not going to be routed to the Gateway Group that we just defined.

Start with pressing the + icon in the bottom left corner.

Enter the following details:

Action	Pass	Allow this traffic to pass
Interface	LAN
TCP/IP Version	IPv4	For our example we use IPv4
Protocol	TCP/UDP	Select the right protocol
Source	any
Destination	Single host or Network
Destination	192.168.1.1/32	IP of the firewall only hence /32
Destination port range	DNS - DNS	Only DNS
Category	DNS	See Organize PF Rules by Category
Description	Local Route DNS	Freely chosen description
Gateway	default	Select default

Note

When using Unbound for DNS resolution you should also enable Default Gateway Switching via System->Settings->General, as local generated traffic will only use the current default gateway which will not change without this option.

Advanced Options¶

For each gateway there are several advanced options you can use to change the default behavior/thresholds. These option can be changed under System ‣ Gateways ‣ Single, press the pencil icon next to the Gateway you want to update.

The current options are:

Latency thresholds
Low and high thresholds for latency in milliseconds.
Packet Loss thresholds
Low and high thresholds for packet loss in %.
Probe Interval
How often that an ICMP probe will be sent in seconds.
Down
The number of seconds of failed probes before the alarm will fire.
Avg Delay Replies Qty
How many replies should be used to compute average delay for controlling “delay” alarms?
Avg Packet Loss Probes Qty
How many probes should be used to compute average packet loss.
Lost Probe Delay
The delay (in qty of probe samples) after which loss is computed.

Configure Load Balancing¶

To setup load balancing follow the same configuration procedure as for Failover, but in step 2 choose same Tier for both Gateways.

This will change the behavior from failover to equal balancing between the two gateways.

Sticky Connection¶

Some web sites don’t like changing request IPs for the same session, this may lead to unexpected behavior. To solve this you can use the option Sticky Connections, this will make sure each subsequent request from the same user to the same website is send through the same gateway.

To set this option can be set under Firewall ‣ Settings ‣ Advanced.

Unequal Balancing (Weight)¶

If you have a non symmetric setup with one IPS having a much higher bandwidth than the other then you can set a weight on each gateway to change the load balance. For instance if you have one line of 10 Mbps and one of 20 Mbps then set the weight of the first one to 1 and the second one to 2. This way the second gateway will get twice as many traffic to handle than the first.

To do so, go to System ‣ Gateways ‣ Single and press the pencil icon next to the Gateway you want to update. The weight is defined under the advanced section.

Combining Balancing & Failover¶

To combine Load Balancing with Failover you will have 2 or more WAN connections for Balancing purposes and 1 or more for Failover. OPNsense offers 5 tiers (Failover groups) each tier can hold multiple ISPs/WAN gateways.