Setup SSL VPN Road Warrior

../../_images/sslvpn_image_new.png

Road Warriors are remote users who need secure access to the companies infrastructure. OPNsense uses OpenVPN for its SSL VPN Road Warrior setup and offers OTP (One Time Password) integration with standard tokens and Googles Authenticator.

Tip

Did you know that OPNsense offers two-factor authentication throughout the entire system? See for more information: Two-factor authentication

The main advantages of using SSL VPN for Road Warriors instead of IPsec are:

  • Easy setup on almost all mobile clients using OPNsense’s Client Configuration Export.

  • Fine grained access control by using multiple servers or Client Specific Overrides.

  • No issues with NAT without NAT-T

With this how-to we’ll show you how to configure OPNsense’s SSL VPN for road warriors and give you configuration examples for:

  • Two Factor Authentication (2FA)

  • Multi Factor Authentication ( Client Certificate + Password + OTP )

  • Client configuration on Windows, macOS, iOS and Android

Note

For the sample we will use a private IP for our WAN connection. This requires us to disable the default block rule on wan to allow private traffic. To do so, go to Interfaces ‣ [WAN] and uncheck “Block private networks”. (Dont forget to save and apply)

manual/how-tos/images/block_private_networks.png

Sample Setup

For the sample configuration we configure OPNsense

Company Network with Remote Client

Company Network

Hostname

fw1

WAN IP

172.18.0.129

LAN IP

192.168.1.1/24

LAN DHCP Range

192.168.1.100-192.168.1.200

SSL VPN Clients

10.10.0.0/24

Step 0 - Preparation

For our example we will use two factor authentication (2FA) and multi factor authentication. So before we start with the SSL VPN configuration we will need an TOTP server and a valid signing certificate authority.

For completeness of this how-to we will also prepare a user.

Configure TOTP server

To configure a Time based One Time Password server go to System ‣ Access ‣ Servers and click Add in the top right corner of the form.

Tip

You can also use the quick-search to jump right into the the Access Server configuration. Try it by typing Ac… and see for yourself:

../../_images/qs-access_server.png

Now first change the Type to Local + Timebased One time Password Enter a Descriptive name such as TOTP VPN Access Server

For our example we leave everything else default as we will be using Google’s Authenticator and the defaults are correct for that.

When using other tokens you may need to change the Token length.

Click Save to add the new server.

Add Certificate Authority

The VPN server needs a certificate authority to sign client or server certificates.

To setup a new certificate authority go to System ‣ Trust ‣ Authorities and click Add in the top right corner of the form.

For our example we will use the following setting:

Descriptive name

SSL VPN CA

Method

Create an internal Certificate Authority

Key length (bits)

4096

Digest Algorithm

SHA512

Lifetime (days)

365

Country Code

NL

State or Province

ZH

City

Middelharnis

Organization

OPNsense

Email Address

spam@opnsense.org

Common Name

internal-sslvpn-ca

Click Save to add the new Certificate Authority.

Create a Server Certificate

After creating the Authority we will also need a certificate. To create a new certificate, go to System ‣ Trust ‣ Certificates and click Add in the upper right corner of the form.

Fill in the form with (leave the rest default):

Method

Create an internal Certificate

Descriptive name

SSLVPN Server Certificate

Certificate authority

SSL VPN CA

Type

Server Certificate

Key length (bits)

4096

Digest Algorithm

SHA512

Lifetime (days)

365

Country Code

NL

State or Province

ZH

City

Middelharnis

Organization

OPNsense

Email Address

spam@opnsense.org

Common Name

SSLVPN Server Certificate

Click Save to create the certificate.

Adding a User

To add a new user go to System ‣ Access ‣ Users and click Add in the top right corner.

Creating a user will be done in two steps, the first one is adding a basic user with a username, password, TOTP seed and user certificate. The second step (after saving) will be to activate the generated OTP seed with a Google Authenticator compatible app.

For the first step we enter:

Username

Donald

Password (2x)

S3cr3tP@ssw0rd

Full name

Donald Duck

Certificate

Check “Click to create a user certificate”

OTP seed

Check “Generate new secret”

Click Save and you will be redirected to create the User Certificate. Fill in the Certificate form with the following for our example (leave anything not listed on its presented defaults):

Method

Create an internal Certificate

Descriptive Name

Leave default (Donald)

Certificate authority

SSL VPN CA

Type

Client Certificate

Key length

4096

Digest Algorithm

SHA512

Click Save and you will be redirected to the User page. Now we will activate your newly created seed with your Google Authenticator compatible app. To do so click in the Click to unhide button in the OTP QR code row and you will get a QR code to scan with your smartphone. See also: Configure 2FA TOTP & Google Authenticator

Note

Always make sure to use the same Certificate authority as the certificate authority created earlier, as this links the clients / users to the correct openvpn server.

Step 1 - Add SSL Server

Adding a new SSL VPN server is relatively simple. We’ll start by adding one that uses our two factor authentication. This setup offers a good protection and it is easy to setup on the clients as each client can use the same configuration.

Go to VPN ‣ OpenVPN ‣ Servers and click Add in the top right corner of the form.

For our example will use the following settings:

Note

The setting Hardware Crypto is not used for new systems equipped with AES-NI, when the aesni module is loaded it will be used automatically.

Description

My SSL VPN Server

Server Mode

Remote Access (SSL/TLS + User Auth)

Backend for authentication

TOTP VPN Access Server

Protocol

UDP

Device Mode

tun

Interface

WAN

Local port

1194

TLS Authentication

Leave both on enabled (checked)

Peer Certificate Revocation List

N/A

Server Certificate

SSLVPN Server Certificate (CA: SSL VPN CA)

DH Parameters Length

4096 bit

Encryption algorithm

AES-256-CBC (256-bit key, 128-bit block)

Auth Digest Algorithm

SHA512 (512-bit)

Hardware Crypto

No Hardware Crypto Acceleration

Certificate Depth

One (Client+Server)

IPv4 Tunnel Network

10.10.0.0/24

IPv6 Tunnel Network

Leave Empty

Redirect Gateway

Leave Unchecked

IPv4 Local Network/s

192.168.1.0/24

IPv6 Local Network/s

Leave Empty

IPv4 Remote Network/s

Leave Empty

IPv6 Remote Network/s

Leave Empty

Concurrent connections

Leave Empty

Compression

Enabled with Adaptive Compression

Type-of-Service

Leave Unchecked

Duplicate Connections

Leave Unchecked

Disable IPv6

Checked

Dynamic IP

Leave Unchecked

Address Pool

Leave Checked

Topology

Leave Unchecked

DNS Default Domain

Leave Unchecked

DNS Servers

Leave Unchecked

Force DNS cache update

Leave Unchecked

NTP Servers

Leave Unchecked

NetBIOS Options

Leave Unchecked

Client Management Port

Leave Unchecked

Renegotiate time

0

Note

Renegotiate time is used to renegotiate data channel key after n seconds (default=3600).When using a one time password, be advised that your connection will automatically drop because your password is not valid anymore.Set to 0 to disable, remember to change your client when changed later.

Click Save to add the new server.

../../_images/sslvpn_server.png

Tip

Use Strict User/CN Matching to force the usage of the same username as certificate CN, this prevents people from logging in using other credentials than the certificate name supplied. (e.g. fred can’t login as root)

Tip

The option Enforce local group can be used to constraint access to only users in a specific (set of) group(s)

Step 2 - Firewall Rules

To allow SSL VPN client connections, we should allow access to the OpenVPN server port on the WAN interface. When using multiple servers we need to open up each port.

For our configuration we only use one server, accessible on UDP port 1194.

../../_images/sslvpn_wan_rule.png

Next we also need to allow traffic from the VPN clients to our LAN interface. For our example we will allow client to access anything on our local area network, however you may decide just to allow traffic to one or more servers.

../../_images/sslvpn_openvpn_rule.png

Step 3 - Export Client Configuration

Using the Remote Access Server dropdown you can select the server for which you want to download client files, when there are certificates connected (using the same authority) it will list all available client certificates and attached users.

macOS & Windows

For macOS & Windows users we recommend using Viscosity from Sparklabs (https://www.sparklabs.com/viscosity/). Viscosity is very easy to setup and use and works well on both platforms.

Go to VPN ‣ OpenVPN ‣ Client Export and select the newly created VPN server from the list. Leave everything default and Download the Viscosity type from the list of export options under Export type.

Now on your Mac or Windows PC unpack the bundle and import the Viscosity.visc file. Double clicking it should be enough to get it imported. When asked for an application to open the file with search and select Viscosity.

Some sample screenshots (macOS):

../../_images/viscosity_files.png

Import Configuration

../../_images/viscosity_imported.png

Connect & login

In the password field enter your TOTP token first followed by your password.

../../_images/viscosity_login.png

Connected

../../_images/viscosity_connected.png

Android

For Android users we recommend using OpenVPN for Android (https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=de.blinkt.openvpn) from Arne Schwabe.

Go to VPN ‣ OpenVPN ‣ Client Export and select the newly created VPN server from the list. Leave everything default and Download the inline File only configuration from the list of export options under Export type.

Import the hostname-udp-1194-android-config.ovpn file into OpenVPN for Android. Clicking the file should be enough to get it imported. When asked for an application to open the file with, select OpenVPN for Android.

iOS

For iOS users we recommend using OpenVPN Connect (https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/openvpn-connect/id590379981) from OpenVPN Technologies.

Go to VPN ‣ OpenVPN ‣ Client Export and select the newly created VPN server from the list. Leave everything default and Download the inline File only configuration from the list of export options under Export type.

Import the hostname-udp-1194-ios-config.ovpn file into OpenVPN Connect. Clicking the file should be enough to get it imported. When asked for an application to open the file with, select OpenVPN Connect.

Step 4 - Multi Factor Authentication

For two factor authentication you need the factors username/password and a token. OPNsense supports another layer, namely a user certificate. This means that every user will be uniquely identified by the user certificate. In this case the multi factors are:

  • User certificate

  • Username/Password

  • Token (TOTP)

Go to VPN ‣ OpenVPN ‣ Servers and click the pencil icon next to the server we just created to change the 2FA to multi factor authentication.

Now change Server Mode to Remote Access (SSL/TLS + User Auth) and leave everything else unchanged. Click Save on the bottom of the form.

Now when you go to the client exporter, you will see that each user is listed separately. In our case we see Donald listed. Exporting and importing this configuration works exactly the same as before, the only difference is that each user requires a User certificate and therefore their own configuration.

../../_images/sslvpn_client_certificate.png